Objectives: Autogenic and allogenic bone block materials of different companies are increasingly used in guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. Adjusting block-shaped allogenic transplants to fit the recipient area is time consuming and technically challenging. A method of bone block formation using a 3-D stereolithography (SLA) model is reported here.
Methods: A tomographic image of the area for augmentation was obtained and edited using Implant Assistant. Data from the image of the prepared 3-D jaw model were transferred to a 3-D printer (Objet Stratasys to produce a model of the jaw fragment. Unicortical cancellous block (Maxgrapht cortico-spongiosa) was moulded onto the model and holes for fixation screws were drilled into the material. The bone block was added to a 100-grams syringe filled with serum, emptied out in to a container and refilled. This procedure was repeated several times. After raising a flap, the recipient area was decorticated and the prepared block put in place. The edges were shaped by adding natural bovine bone graft (Cerobone) material and the surface was covered with native pericardium membrane (Jason membrane). A platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane was then applied and the soft tissues sutured without strain to avoid flap tension.
Results: After 6 months, the augmented area was re-operated for implant placement. Integration was observed between the bone block and recipient tissue after raising the flap. The volume of jaw atrophied bone had increased as a result of augmentation. There was adequate vascularisation of the transplanted bone block, which was integrated into the tissue of the recipient area. Bone resorption in the form of a thin fissure was observed in the external cortical layer, close to the alveolar crest of the block. Nevertheless, the growth in alveolar crest volume was deemed adequate for implant placement. A temporary crown was fixed immediately after placement because there was adequate stability, and alveolar crest defect was re-grafted with Cerabone and covered with Jason membrane before the flap was closed. After 4 months, an image was taken that showed bone augmentation and osseointegration around the implant.
Conclusions: Preparing a jaw bone fragment as an allogenic bone block using an SLA model done successfully in GBR-type surgeries. The method allows block bone to be adapted for the recipient area, and is associated with significant time savings. Post-operative tomographic scans confirm augmentation of the alveolar ridge, making this a promising way for restoring aesthetics in the frontal area.

approach. Dental implants are an appropriate treatment option for replacing these teeth in adolescents when their dental and skeletal development is complete. This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a patient with permanent dentition who had congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors. After orthodontic treatment, the missing incisors were replaced with implants.
Methods: A 21-year-old woman with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors was referred to our clinic. Her medical and dental history was evaluated. The treatment plan included orthodontic treatment and space opening for implant placement and correction of the occlusion.
Results: The major objectives of treatment were achieved. Molar and canine class I relationships were achieved with overjet and overbite within the normal range. Panoramic radiographs showed good radicular parallelism and no signs of root resorption. Dental implants were placed in lateral incisor sites.
Conclusions: Dental implants are the treatment of choice for most patients with congenitally missing lateral teeth. The preserve tooth structure and alveolar bone and provide aesthetics and function. However, successful restorative treatment involving implants depends on interdisciplinary treatment planning, especially if preprosthetic orthodontic tooth alignment is required.

Objectives: Anodic oxidation treatment of titanium surfaces is widely studied because of the rapid osseointegration and biocompatibility of the material, however there are few studies in animals. This study evaluated the osseointegration of micro-nano roughened titanium surface.
Methods: A total of 48 titanium implants (MegagenTM/®) were used. They were classified into four groups (n=12): machined surface (group M), resorbable blasting media (RBM) surface (group R), nano surface (nanotube formation on the machined surface) (group MA), and nano-micro surface (nanotube formation on the RBM surface) (group RA). The micro-roughened surface was produced by blasting the titanium surface with aluminium oxide, and the nano-roughened surface was produced by anodic oxidation at a constant voltage of 20 V for 10 minutes with a DC power supply (Fine Power F-3005TM/®, SG EMD, Anyang, Korea). The titanium implants were placed in the humerus of beagle dogs. After 12 weeks, they were removed. Humerus bone blocks were embedded in paraffin and stained using haematoxylin–eosin.
Results: Histological analysis of the bone block revealed no inflammation around implants. New bone formation was observed along the nano-micro titanium implant surfaces. After 12 weeks, lamellar bone was formed along the nano-micro titanium implant surfaces.
Conclusions: Micro-nano roughened titanium implants surfaces show good osseointegration.